Nuclear energy is gaining increasing attention in Southeast Asia, as governments assess its potential to support the region's decarbonisation and enhance energy security. With economic growth driven by manufacturing, natural resources, and infrastructure investments, countries like Indonesia, Thailand, and Malaysia face mounting pressure to make significant advancements and secure reliable electricity to meet their net zero commitments.

While renewable energy sources such as wind and solar play a crucial role in decarbonising the energy mix, their intermittent nature highlights the challenge of meeting Southeast Asia’s baseload power demand on their own. Nuclear energy, with its ability to provide a clean and reliable power supply, is emerging as a viable solution for achieving long-term sustainability objectives across the region.

Advanced nuclear energy producing countries, including Canada, offers valuable lessons and guidance for Southeast  Asia.  By  understanding  the  advancements,  challenges,  and technology  available, it helps countries looking to explore how nuclear can support the region’s energy transition.

Canada’s Nuclear Expertise as a Model for Southeast Asia
Canada’s  nuclear  power  program  has  maintained  a  strong  safety  record  for  over  60  years,  contributing significantly  to  the  country’s energy mix  and  economy.  Following  the  Fukushima  incident  in  2011,  the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) implemented a four-year Action Plan to incorporate lessons learned and enhance the safety of nuclear facilities. The focus on safety and continuous improvement has established Canada’s reputation in the nuclear industry worldwide.

Currently,  Canada  operates  19  nuclear  reactors,  which  supply  approximately  15%  of  the  country's electricity. Among them, Canada’s development of the CANDU® reactor has also seen its adoption in 30 reactors worldwide, contributing to energy security and sustainability efforts.

A 2024 study projected that the deployment of four new CANDU® reactors in Canada could generate a$90.4 billion boost to the country’s GDP and sustain thousands of jobs over their 70-year lifespan. These projects are also projected to deliver $29.1 billion in tax revenue, highlighting the long-term economic value of nuclear energy. Furthermore, for every dollar invested in these initiatives, GDP could increase by $0.97, with electricity sales potentially raising this multiplier to $2.00.

Recent projects, such as the development of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) in Ontario and life-extension initiatives for reactors in Canada, China, and Romania, reflect the adaptability of nuclear technology to meet evolving energy demands. Beyond power generation, the nuclear sector contributes to industries such as healthcare and environmental protection, reinforcing its role in sustainable development.

Opportunities for Nuclear Growth in Southeast Asia
Nuclear energy has proven to be reliable and low emissions, suitable for Southeast Asian transition goals. Like Canada, Indonesia, Thailand, and Malaysia share aspirations for clean energy solutions to support their  growing  economies.  Realising  this  vision  will  require  thoughtful  collaboration among  governments, utilities, and industry stakeholders to establish the frameworks and capabilities necessary for a sustainable nuclear future.

Fostering dialogue and collaboration will also be key to unlocking nuclear energy's potential in Southeast Asia. By combining international expertise with local insights, the region can unlock nuclear energy as a viable and transformative solution for meeting its net zero targets.

Large Reactors and Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)
In  envisioning  a  sustainable  energy  future,  it  is  crucial  to  recognize  the  distinct  benefits  that  both  large reactors and Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) offer in fulfilling Southeast Asia’s unique energy needs. Large reactors  have  historically provided  the backbone  of  nuclear  power  generation,  delivering  high-capacity output  at  a  low  per-unit  cost,  making them well-suited  for  regions  with  dense  population  centres  and industrial hubs.

SMRs,  on  the  other  hand,  present  a  newer  and  flexible  alternative,  with  their  smaller  footprint,  faster construction times, and load-following capabilities, allowing them to efficiently support decentralised grids and regions with varied energy profiles. This diversity in nuclear technology further highlights the value of a multifaceted approach to energy generation—"big or small, we need them all."

Promising Sustainable Future for Southeast Asia
Through thoughtful planning, strategic partnerships, and the right expertise, nuclear energy could play a significant role in Southeast Asia’s energy transition. By learning from Canada’s experience and fostering collaboration between governments, industry leaders, and local stakeholders, the region can explore the potential for a secure and adaptable nuclear energy program tailored to local and regional needs.

With decades of  experience in nuclear technology  and programme  implementation, Atkins Réalis works closely with stakeholders to conduct feasibility studies, strengthen local capacity, and the development of strong value chains. Through active participation in nuclear advisory committees and the development of training  and  capacity-building  programmes  across  the  region,  efforts  are  focused  on  strengthening  the foundations of nuclear energy in Southeast Asia, addressing key questions, and building confidence to lay the groundwork for its successful adoption.

Together, these solutions are well-positioned to play key role in supporting Southeast Asia’s transition to a cleaner and more resilient energy future.